I Have been a Stranger in a Strange Land: The Hungarian State and Jewish Refugees in Hungary, 1933-1945

Pre-dating the German occupation and the appearance of the Eichmann Commando, a Hungarian state "dejewification commando,” the National Central Alien Control Office affiliated with the Ministry of Interior, was already in operation. It regarded the 20,000-25,000 foreign Jews residing in Hungary as a category that could be enlarged to include all Jews deemed “undesirable” by the state. This policy led to the Galician deportations resulting in the first five-digit massacre of Jews during World War II.